India and Pakistan have agreed to a U.S.-brokered ceasefire after a series of military confrontations triggered by a deadly attack in Indian-administered Kashmir. The ceasefire, announced on May 10, 2025, follows India’s Operation Sindoor, which targeted militant camps in Pakistan, and subsequent retaliatory strikes by Pakistan. Despite the ceasefire, both nations have reported violations, raising concerns about the truce’s stability.
Tensions escalated after a terrorist attack on April 22, 2025, in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, resulted in the deaths of 26 Hindu tourists. India attributed the attack to Pakistan-based militant groups, prompting a military response. On May 7, India launched Operation Sindoor, targeting nine locations in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir believed to be militant camps. The operation involved airstrikes using Rafale, MiG-29, and Su-30MKI aircraft equipped with precision-guided munitions. Pakistan reported civilian casualties, including damage to mosques, and claimed to have downed several Indian aircraft, a claim India partially acknowledged.
Both countries mobilized emergency services in response to the attacks. In Pakistan, rescue operations were conducted in areas affected by the Indian airstrikes, while in India, emergency services responded to shelling in border regions. Displaced civilians began returning home following the ceasefire, although many areas remain under repair due to infrastructure damage.
India claims its strikes killed over 100 militants and 35–40 Pakistani soldiers, while Pakistan asserts it killed 40–50 Indian soldiers and downed five jets. These figures remain unverified. Civilian casualties were reported on both sides, with Pakistan citing 31 deaths and 46 injuries due to Indian airstrikes, and India reporting civilian deaths from Pakistani shelling.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi canceled international engagements to address the crisis, while Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif condemned India’s actions as attacks on civilians. U.S. President Donald Trump played a central role in brokering the ceasefire, with both nations acknowledging his efforts. Despite the ceasefire, India has warned of retaliation if violations continue, and Pakistan has denied any infractions.
The ceasefire remains fragile, with reports of violations shortly after its implementation. Military officials from both countries are scheduled to meet to assess the truce’s effectiveness. The underlying Kashmir dispute continues to fuel tensions, and without a long-term political resolution, the risk of renewed conflict persists.
